The method of unitary clothing transformations in the theory of nucleon-nucleon scattering

The clothing procedure, put forward in quantum field theory by Greenberg and Schweber, is applied for the description of nucleon-nucleon (N-N) scattering. We consider pseudoscalar, vector and scalar meson fields interacting with 1/2 spin fermion ones via the Yukawa-type couplings to introduce trial interactions between "bare" particles. The subsequent unitary clothing transformations are found to express the total Hamiltonian through new interaction operators that refer to particles with physical (observable) properties, the so-called clothed particles. In this work, we are focused upon the Hermitian and energy-independent operators for the clothed nucleons, being built up in the second order in the coupling constants. The corresponding analytic expressions in momentum space are compared with the separate meson contributions to the one-boson-exchange potentials in the meson theory of nuclear forces. In order to evaluate the T-matrix of the N-N scattering we have used an equivalence theorem that enables us to operate in the clothed particle representation (CPR) instead of the bare particle representation with its huge amount of virtual processes. We have derived the Lippmann-Schwinger-type equation for the CPR elements of the T-matrix for a given collision energy in the two-nucleon sector of the Hilbert space of hadronic states and elaborated a code for its numerical solution in momentum space.Comment: 10 pages, 3 eps figures, proceedings of "19th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics"(FB19), 30Aug-05Sep 2009, Bonn, German

The recycling fee of non-environmental goods

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність проведення обов’язкової державної екологічної експертизи для всіх видів діяльності та об’єктів з метою визначення рівня екологічності товарів. Досліджено такі екологічно небезпечні товари, як батарейки та лампи, що містять ртуть. Обґрунтовано необхідність їх утилізації з метою зменшення негативного впливу на навколишнє природне середовище та здоров’я населення. Запропоновано запровадження цільового утилізаційного збору в межах екологічного податку для неекологічних товарів. Запропоновано введення нового принципу побудови податкового законодавства, а саме принципу автоматизму, що сприятиме зменшенню витраченого часу та грошових коштів на запровадження даного збору. Доведено фіскальну та екологічну ефективність застосування утилізаційного збору.В статье обоснована необходимость проведения обязательной государственной экологической экспертизы для всех видов деятельности и объектов с целью определения уровня экологичности товаров. Исследованы такие экологически опасные товары, как батарейки и лампы, содержащие ртуть. Обоснована необходимость их утилизации с целью уменьшения негативного воздействия на окружающую природную среду и здоровье населения. Предложено введение целевого утилизационного сбора в пределах экологического налога для неэкологических товаров. Предложено введение нового принципа построения налогового законодательства, а именно принципа автоматизма, что будет способствовать уменьшению затраченного времени и денежных средств на внедрение данного сбора. Доказано фискальную и экологическую эффективность применения утилизационного сбора.The need for mandatory state ecological expertise for all kinds of activities and facilities is substantiated in the article to determine the level of environmental goods. Such ecologically dangerous goods like batteries and energy saving lamps are investigated. The need for recycling in order to reduce negative impacts on the environment and public health is grounded. One of the areas of tax policy in the sphere of protection natural – resource potential is offered, namely, the introduction of recycling fee within the environmental tax for non-environmental goods. The introduction of new principles of tax law, namely the principle of automaticity is proposed will reduce wasted time and money on implementation of this fee. Its fiscal and environmental performance is proved

The Tax on carbon dioxide emissions as a tool for sustainable environmental development

В статье проведен анализ зарубежного опыта применения налога на выбросы диоксида углерода и других инструментов эко-налоговой реформы, обеспечивающих устойчивое экологическое развитие. Доказано, что введение налога на выбросы диоксида углерода привело к: сокращению выбросов CO2 в окружающую среду, увеличению налоговых поступлений в бюджет, сокращению налогов на труд и капитал. Рассмотрены возможности и последствия введения налога на выбросы диоксида углерода в Украине.У статті проведено аналіз зарубіжного досвіду застосування податку на викиди діоксиду вуглецю та інших інструментів еко-податкової реформи, що забезпечують стійке екологічний розвиток. Доведено, що введення податку на викиди діоксиду вуглецю призвело до: скорочення викидів CO2 в навколишнє середовище, збільшенню податкових надходжень до бюджету, скорочення податків на працю і капітал. Розглянуто можливості і наслідки введення податку на викиди діоксиду вуглецю в Україні.The international experience of the tax on carbon dioxide and other tools of eco-tax reform are analyzed in the the article, to ensure environmental sustainability. It was proved that a tax on carbon dioxide in each of the countries has resulted in: reduction of CO2 emissions into the environment, increase tax revenues in a budget, reduction of labor and capital taxes. The possibilities and consequences of the introduction of the tax on carbon dioxide are considered in Ukraine

Development of the Module Monitoring Residual Knowledge of Students From Disciplines Specialized Computer Systems

Актуальність матеріалу, викладеного у статті, зумовлена потребами професійної освіти в проведенні моніторингових досліджень, оскільки вони є одним із шляхів розширення доступу до Європейської освіти і мобільності студентів. Розробка програмного модуля складається зі створення кліент-серверного додатку з сервером на Java з використанням Spring framework та клієнтом Android. Використання створеного програмного модуля моніторингу залишкових знань студентів кафедри спеціалізованих комп’ютерних систем сприяє його ефективному функціонуванню й оптимальному розв’язанню питання щодо якості підготовки майбутніх спеціалістів. В процесі роботи було розроблено пакет тестових завдань, для моніторингу залишкових знань з дисциплін курсу інформаційних технологій.The relevance of the material presented in the article, due to the needs of vocational training in conducting monitoring studies, as they are one of the ways of improving access to the European education and student mobility. Development of software module consists of the creation of a client-server application to a server in Java using the Spring framework and client Android. Using the developed software module for monitoring of residual knowledge of students of specialized computer systems contribute to its effective functioning and optimal solution to the question about the quality of training of future specialists. In the process, it developed a package of tests for the monitoring of residual knowledge in the disciplines of information technology course

Standard Model Theory for the FCC-ee Tera-Z stage

The future 100-km circular collider FCC at CERN is planned to operate in one of its modes as an electron-positron FCC-ee machine. We give an overview comparing the theoretical status to the experimental demands of one of four foreseen FCC-ee operating stages, Z-boson resonance energy physics, called the FCC-ee Tera-Z stage for short. The FCC-ee Tera-Z will deliver the highest integrated luminosities as well as very small systematic errors for a study of the Standard Model (SM) with unprecedented precision. In fact, the FCC-ee Tera-Z will allow the study of at least one more perturbative order in quantum field theory compared to the LEP/SLC precision. The real problem is that the present precision of theoretical calculations of the various SM observables does not match that of the anticipated experimental measurements. The bottle-necks to overcoming this situation are identified. In particular, the issues of precise QED unfolding and the correct calculation of SM pseudo-observables are critically reviewed. In an Executive Summary, we specify which basic theoretical calculations are needed to meet the strong experimental expectations at the FCC-ee Tera-Z. Several methods, techniques and tools needed for higher-order multi-loop calculations are presented. By inspection of the Z-boson partial and total decay width analyses, it is argued that at the beginning of operation of the FCC-ee Tera-Z, the theory predictions may be tuned to be precise enough not to limit the physics interpretation of the measurements. This statement is based on anticipated progress in analytical and numerical calculations of multi-loop and multi-scale Feynman integrals and on the completion of two-loop electroweak radiative corrections to the SM pseudo-observables this year. However, the above statement is conditional as the theoretical issues demand a very dedicated and focused investment by the community.Comment: Published versio

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider – Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today’s technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics

HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries